Journey of Food

                                                                  Journey of Food

We usually wonder about our eating tasting and other habits related to food consumption. But we do not know that the food itself has to travel a long journey of 10 to 12 hours through our amazing digestive system. So I will throw some light on the topic.

      The Journey of food starts with the opening of the elementary canal or the Mouth and the food pipe or esophagus and ends when we go to the toilet. Through the elementary canal food is attacked, churned and squeezed by various digestive organs and Juices. So, let us start from the first step

But before that, we should know that how do we get hungry? Interesting question right! Well, the answer to this very question is brain. The specific part of brain called hypothalamus makes us feel hungry and thirsty. And the other part of the brain namely medulla controls the automatic gut movements which are done by the involuntary muscles or unstrapped muscles. Now proceeding with the process-

Eating and chewing

    The first step of food’s journey is to be crushed and meshed by our teeth and then simultaneously get mixed with the salivary enzyme such as amylase. The salivary enzymes break down starchy substances of the food into simpler substance. The saliva flows down more during an eating session rather than a normal time period and is produced by submandibular gland and sublingual gland in the mouth.

Swallowing and the epiglottis

     When we swallow the food after chewing, it enters the food pipe or esophagus which is a tube surrounded by muscles that pushes down the food. But before entering the food pipe there are chances that it may enter the wind pipe, so to prevent this there is a flap like structure namely epiglottis that closes the wind pipe before the food enters it.

Acid Attack!

The food is sent by the esophagus to the stomach. Stomach is a muscular bag which squashes and mashes the food which it receives.

      But the main digestion process is carried out with in the stomach. In the inner part of the stomach wall there are many folds and turns called rugae which allow the stomach to stretch. The inner most layer of the stomach wall is called the submucosa and above that the mucosa. These layers contain mucous producing cells the helps to prevent the hydrochloric acid produced by the hydrolytic cells to harm the wall. The hydrochloric acid help in digesting the hard component of food and killing bad microorganism. The hydrolytic cells are lined within the gastric pits in the mucosa with the slim producing cells. The last part of the stomach or the entrance of the small intestine is called Duodenum.

I will post about the next part of the journey in the next post after all it is boring to read too much in a short while.

But I think this video might be help full in that matter.    

Important Science videos

Important  Science videos

Electricity 

Albert  Einstein 

Black Holes

Evolution

Universe- An unsolved mystery

Future

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

The study of heat and its transformation to mechanical energy is called thermodynamics. The basic principles and laws include absolute zero and the laws of thermodynamics.

First law of thermodynamics

“When heat flows to or from a system, the system gains or losses an amount of energy equal to the amount of heat transferred”

Heat transfers from one substance to the other substance because of particle collisions and when it does the giver of the heat and the receiver of the heat both face a change in the heat energy they were initially were before the transfer. This law is pretty obvious and its examples can be seen throughout the daily life which includes a heating pan or a car engine etc.

If we add heat to a isolated system the system or the object then it may do some work and increase its internal energy and this can be expressed as

Heat supplied to a system is equal to the sum of the external work done and the increase in the internal energy.

Second law of thermodynamics

“Heat always flows from hot object to cold object by itself”

This law clearly as we can observe states that heat energy always from the hot object to cold object. This law in other terms expresses the natural tendency of motion of heat energy. Due to the movement the ice melts and the heat or internal combustion engines work.

I fell that it is must mentioning the example of heat engine so I am doing so

The condition of absolute zero and absolute hot states that the object is at the state of zero kinetic energy or heat or maximum kinetic energy or heat at the molecular level.

The case of zero molecular movement of  the lowest temperature an object can be is the absolute zero and the highest is absolute hot which is equal to the planks temperature

Thermal Physics

Thermal Physics

Hello it’s been a long time since I have posted something. But now I am going to post about thermal physics and its theoretical introduction. Now starting with my work I would like to discuss some basic terminologies of Thermal physics.

Heat

Heat is the form of energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to a lower temperature. The matter around us posses energy in its molecules in form of molecular kinetic or potential energy, once this energy follows a path of temperature difference from one body to another then it is termed as heat. The temperature can be defined as a measurement scale in which the hotness or coldness of a object of mass is measured. 

The basic measurement scales in temperature are Kelvin the system international and the centigrade scale. The American scale of temperature is Fahrenheit scale. Heat can only be generated in a matter if the moving energies of the molecules or the rotational kinetic energy of the molecules changes its form. kinetic  energy and the other energy or the potential energy is also possessed by the particles and these energies of motion and rest of the particles in sum is known as the internal energy of the object.

Heating and cooling

The phenomenon of heating occurs when the object gains heat energy and the internal energy of the particles increase leading to rise in temperature. The cooling occurs if the object looses the heat energy and the internal energy of the object decreases leading to drop in temperature.

Thermal expansion

Railway  track  having  drastic  effect  of thermal  expansion 

The flow of heat energy in a substance leads to the increase in the net temperature of the object and that occurs because the molecules of the matter have absorbed a large amount of heat energy, this leads in the increase of kinetic energy. As the kinetic energy increases or the particles move faster they become freer and the phenomena of thermal expansion or the expansion of the bulk of the matter takes place  . The vice versa of the process occurs if the object is cooled, the movement of particles slow down and hey become more stiffer and contract. This phenomenon is known as thermal contraction.